BY SACNILK

Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis recently inaugurated Phase 1 of Prime Focus Studio at Dadasaheb Phalke Chitranagari in Mumbai, marking a major step in the state's journey toward becoming a global hub for creative technology. This launch is the result of an agreement signed a year ago at the WAVES Summit 2025, aimed at building a world-class media and entertainment ecosystem. During the visit, Fadnavis explored the facility's advancements in AI, VFX, and virtual production, which are designed to empower young talent and attract global investment into the Indian film industry. The visit became a major talking point when the minister was given a glimpse of the highly anticipated film Ramayana. After witnessing the cutting-edge technology being used for the project, Fadnavis shared a significant statement regarding its potential. He mentioned that he would be disappointed if a film of this scale, featuring Ranbir Kapoor, did not go on to win an Oscar. This remark reflects the high expectations surrounding the production's technical quality and its ability to represent Indian cultural heritage on a global stage. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) Fadnavis emphasized that India's rich storytelling traditions, when paired with world-class tools, provide the perfect foundation for the nation to emerge as a powerhouse in the creative economy. The presence of Namit Malhotra, Global CEO of DNEG and Founder of Prime Focus, underscored the international standards being applied to the film. By leveraging these immersive technologies in Mumbai, the team is aiming to deliver a cinematic experience that meets the highest global benchmarks. Ramayana is the most ambitious project of Nitesh Tiwari. The film is being made in two parts. The first part – Ramayana: The Introduction – Part One will release on November 6, 2026, in Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada and English worldwide. The shooting of Ramayana 2 is yet to be completed by the makers. Ramayana has Ranbir Kapoor as Lord Rama, Yash as Ravana, Sai Pallavi as Sita, Sunny Deol as Hanuman and Ravi Dubey as Lakshman. The Nitesh Tiwari-directed film also has a powerful star cast like Arun Govil, Indira Krishnan, Lara Dutta, Kajal Aggarwal, Rakul Preet Singh, Vivek Oberoi, Shobana, Saurabh Sachdeva, Adinath Kothare and others in key roles.

BY SACNILK

Mumbai, August 6 - Ramayana: Part 1 is gearing up for a historic theatrical launch across the globe. Starring Ranbir Kapoor, Yash, and Sai Pallavi, the Nitesh Tiwari directorial is set to become the widest worldwide release ever for an Indian film. With unprecedented scale and global appeal, the historical epic is expected to redefine the international reach of Indian cinema when it arrives in theatres on November 6, 2026. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) The makers have hit the jackpot by bringing Sony Pictures on board for the film's international distribution. According to the latest trade updates, the Hollywood studio is planning a colossal overseas rollout on more than 50,000 screens outside India, making it comfortably the biggest international release ever for an Indian film. Backed by Sony's global distribution network, Ramayana: Part 1 will open across an unprecedented number of territories, giving the film one of the largest global launches ever mounted for a non-Hollywood title. The record-breaking overseas release will be complemented by a massive domestic rollout across India, ensuring that Ramayana: Part 1 secures the biggest worldwide theatrical release in the history of Indian cinema. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) The makers have consistently maintained that the film is designed for a global audience, with cutting-edge visual effects, premium format releases, multilingual versions, and AI-powered visual dubbing technology expected to make the epic accessible to audiences across the world. The film features Ranbir Kapoor as Lord Rama, Sai Pallavi as Sita, Yash as Ravana, and Sunny Deol as Hanuman. Ramayana boasts music by Hans Zimmer and A. R. Rahman, while Oscar-winning VFX studio DNEG is handling the visual effects. The recently released trailer has already crossed 1 billion cumulative views across all languages, highlighting the enormous anticipation surrounding the project. With Sony Pictures spearheading its overseas release and a record-breaking worldwide rollout on the cards, Ramayana: Part 1 is shaping up to be one of the biggest cinematic events in the history of Indian cinema. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({})

BY SACNILK

Mumbai, August 6 - The trailer of director Nitesh Tiwari's Ramayana: Part 1 has scripted history by crossing 1 billion cumulative views across all platforms and languages, becoming the first Indian film trailer to achieve the remarkable milestone. The record underlines the unprecedented anticipation surrounding the historical epic, which is already being hailed as one of the biggest cinematic events in Indian film history. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) The achievement comes within days of the trailer's launch, making it one of the fastest and most-watched promotional campaigns ever mounted for an Indian film. The biggest contributor to this historic feat has been the Hindi trailer, which alone has amassed an astonishing 588 million views on the World of Ramayana Instagram account, on which overall viewership across languages is around 750 million. In addition, the trailer has generated hundreds of millions of views across YouTube, Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), Instagram, and other digital platforms in multiple Indian and international languages. Combined, the cumulative viewership has now comfortably crossed the one-billion mark, setting a new benchmark that no Indian film trailer has achieved before. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) Directed by Nitesh Tiwari, Ramayana: Part 1 features an ensemble cast led by Ranbir Kapoor as Lord Ram, Sai Pallavi as Sita, Yash as Ravana, Sunny Deol as Hanuman, and Ravi Dubey as Lakshman. The trailer has received widespread acclaim for its spectacular visuals, cutting-edge VFX, grand scale, and the powerful musical collaboration between Hans Zimmer and A. R. Rahman. The makers have also expanded the film's global reach by releasing the trailer in multiple languages, including an English version powered by AI-assisted lip-sync technology. Produced by Namit Malhotra in association with Yash's Monster Mind Creations, Ramayana: Part 1 is scheduled to release worldwide on November 6, 2026, during the Diwali festive season. With its trailer now setting an unprecedented digital record of over one billion views, the film has further strengthened its position as one of the most anticipated Indian releases of all time. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({})

BY SACNILK

While an official announcement from the makers is still awaited, new reports have emerged regarding the specific release date for Namit Malhotra’s highly anticipated adaptation of the Ramayana. Following the significant buzz generated by last week’s trailer, Bollywood Hungama has exclusively shared that the film is expected to arrive in theaters worldwide on Friday, November 6, 2026. This potential window addresses the recent speculation about whether the epic would opt for an early release or wait until the actual Diwali festival day on November 8.

BY SACNILK

Ranbir Kapoor recently shared a significant update on the progress of Nitesh Tiwari’s upcoming adaptation of the Ramayana. In a recent interview, the actor revealed that the team has already completed roughly 50 percent of the filming for the second part, even before the first installment reaches theaters. He reflected on the sheer scale of the epic, noting that the story is vast enough to fill ten movies, though it is being condensed into a concise two-part cinematic experience. This head-start on the sequel suggests a strategic approach to maintaining narrative continuity for a project of this magnitude. During a recent conversation, Ranbir Kapoor, who portrays Lord Rama, touched upon the immense challenge of condensing such a vast mythological text. He noted that the story of the Ramayana is so expansive that it could easily have been told across ten separate films. However, he credited the director and the writing team for their ability to streamline the narrative into a two-part cinematic experience without losing the core emotional and philosophical essence that makes the epic so significant. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) One of the most interesting aspects of this production is the cast. While Ranbir Kapoor leads as Lord Rama, the film features Sai Pallavi as Sita and Yash as Ravana. Interestingly, Kapoor and Yash have reportedly not filmed any scenes together for the first part. This confirms that the much-anticipated confrontation between Rama and Ravana is being carefully preserved for the second film, which Kapoor describes as being even larger in scale and entertainment value. The role of Hanuman, played by Sunny Deol, is also set to follow a specific growth arc. While he will be introduced in the first part, his presence is expected to be significantly more prominent in the sequel. The decision to shoot the films back-to-back or in overlapping schedules is a logistical move often seen in massive Indian franchises like Baahubali or Ponniyin Selvan. It allows the production house, led by Namit Malhotra, to manage the immense VFX requirements more effectively. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) Ramayana: Part One is currently targeting a Diwali 2026 release. It is rumored that the first film will conclude on a major cliffhanger, designed to lead audiences directly into the climactic battles of the second part. By having half of the sequel already in the can, the makers are ensuring that the gap between the two releases remains manageable for the audience. Beyond the technical updates, Ranbir Kapoor also recently shared his perspective on the ongoing public debate regarding his selection for the lead role. He admitted that his initial reaction was one of self-doubt, where he questioned if he was truly capable of carrying such a heavy cultural responsibility. Instead of viewing it as a standard acting job, he sees it as an opportunity to represent a figure who has been a core part of the Indian subconscious for thousands of years. He pointed out that because every individual has their own personal vision and perception of Lord Rama, it is naturally impossible for any one actor to be seen as the perfect fit by everyone. In his view, there is no such thing as a single right actor for this character because there is no fixed face to the deity in the minds of the people. He noted that while some may disagree with his casting and others may support it, the ultimate success of the portrayal rests on the sincerity of the performer. According to the actor, the most important factor is having the right intentions and a deep sense of belief in the journey of the character.

BY SACNILK

Mumbai, August 2 - The trailer of Ramayana Part 1 has emerged as a massive global success, generating unprecedented buzz ahead of the film's theatrical release. Directed by Nitesh Tiwari, the epic has captivated audiences with its breathtaking visuals, grand scale, emotional storytelling, and stellar cast. Featuring Ranbir Kapoor as Lord Rama, Sai Pallavi as Sita, and Yash as Ravana, the film has quickly established itself as one of the most anticipated Indian releases of 2026. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) The overwhelming excitement is clearly reflected in the trailer's digital performance. Within just 48 hours of its release, the Ramayana Part 1 trailer has crossed 350 million views across all platforms, making it one of the biggest trailer launches ever for an Indian film. The trailer has also generated millions of likes, comments, and shares, with audiences praising its world-class visual effects, production design, and Hans Zimmer's powerful musical score. Released on July 30, the trailer introduced audiences to the film's spectacular world while showcasing the lead characters for the first time. Ranbir Kapoor's calm and divine portrayal of Lord Rama has received widespread appreciation, while Yash's intense transformation as Ravana has become one of the biggest talking points. Sai Pallavi has also earned praise for her graceful performance as Sita. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) Although the response has been positive, many fans were disappointed that Sunny Deol's Hanuman was not featured, with reports suggesting the makers are intentionally keeping the character under wraps. Backed by a massive vision and one of Indian cinema's strongest ensembles, Ramayana Part 1 is scheduled to release worldwide during the Diwali 2026 festive season, with Ramayana Part 2 already slated for Diwali 2027. After the trailer's extraordinary response, expectations for the film have reached new heights, with many trade observers predicting the epic could emerge as one of the biggest box-office blockbusters in Indian cinema history. Also starring Ravie Dubey as Laxman, Arun Govil as Dasharatha, Rakul Preet Singh as Surpankha, and Lara Dutta as Kaikeyi, among others, the film is produced by Prime Focus Studios in association with Monster Mind Creations. It will be released by Sony Pictures internationally and Dharma Productions in India. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({})

BY SACNILK

Mumbai, July 31 - Ranbir Kapoor is gearing up for the biggest film of his career, Nitesh Tiwari's Ramayana, in which he plays Lord Rama. While the actor has earned praise for his intense performance in Animal, many fans have wondered whether taking on another ultra-violent role after portraying one of the most revered figures in Hindu history would be appropriate. Now, veteran actor Nitish Bharadwaj has weighed in on the debate. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) In a detailed post on Instagram, Bharadwaj, who played Lord Krishna in BR Chopra’s classic television show Mahabharat, hailed Ramayana as a landmark achievement for Indian cinema. He wrote that the film deserves "100% Oscar for Best Foreign Film" and congratulated director Nitesh Tiwari, calling him "Bharat's next gift to world cinema after Satyajit Rai and Shekhar Kapoor." He also praised the production design, cinematography, VFX, AI-assisted visuals, and celebrated Hans Zimmer's collaboration with Indian cinema. The veteran actor further described Ranbir Kapoor and Ranveer Singh as "the next two unbeatable Dhurandhars" while welcoming Yash to "global cinema." (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) However, it was his message to Ranbir Kapoor that drew the most attention. He said that while he has always admired Ranbir as an actor, portraying Lord Rama brings a greater responsibility. He wrote, "RK, always loved you as an actor but now starts your social responsibility to uphold Bharat's heritage, values, culture & ethos. So no more ANIMAL even if the goldmine is offered to you. Plz do not pollute your Vaani anymore. Bharat has enough stories to satiate your acting prowess." His remarks suggest that he believes Ranbir should move away from ultra-violent films like Animal and instead choose stories that reflect India's cultural and spiritual heritage. The veteran actor also expressed hope that audiences would wholeheartedly accept Sai Pallavi as Sita and wished to hear Tulsidas' chaupais, accompanied by traditional instruments like the mridangam and manjira, to preserve the spiritual identity of the epic. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) View this post on Instagram A post shared by Nitish Bharadwaj (@nitishbharadwaj.krishna)

BY SACNILK

Mumbai, July 30 - The highly anticipated trailer for Ramayana Part 1 has received a positive response from audiences, with fans praising its stunning visuals, grand scale, and impressive casting. Directed by Nitesh Tiwari, the epic has generated massive excitement ahead of its release, with many calling it one of the most visually ambitious films ever produced in Indian cinema. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) Among the biggest highlights of the trailer are the lead performances. Ranbir Kapoor has earned widespread appreciation for his calm and divine screen presence as Lord Rama, while Sai Pallavi's graceful portrayal of Sita has also impressed viewers. Yash's menacing avatar as Ravana has created significant buzz and left audiences eager to see more of the antagonist in the film. However, one notable omission from the trailer has disappointed a section of fans –– Sunny Deol's Hanuman. Despite being one of the film's most anticipated characters, Hanuman does not make an appearance in the trailer. Many viewers took to social media to express that even a brief glimpse of Sunny Deol in the iconic role could have elevated the trailer to an even greater level. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) That said, the makers may have deliberately chosen to keep Hanuman's look under wraps. According to reports, Sunny Deol will have a limited role in Ramayana Part 1, reportedly appearing only during the film's climactic portions, while Ramayana Part 2 will feature the full-length role of one of the Chiranjeevis. By withholding his first look, makers may be preserving one of the franchise's biggest reveals for the theatrical experience and building anticipation for the sequel. Overall, the trailer has achieved exactly what it set out to do –– ignite excitement for Ramayana with its breathtaking visuals, faithful casting, and epic storytelling. While fans may have hoped for a glimpse of Sunny Deol's Hanuman, the decision to keep the character a surprise could ultimately make his on-screen debut even more impactful when the film arrives in cinemas. Part 1 is scheduled to release on Diwali this year. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({})

BY SACNILK

The most anticipated cinematic spectacle in Indian film history has finally unveiled its grand vision. The official trailer for Ramayana: Part 1, directed by Nitesh Tiwari, was released globally during the auspicious Brahma Muhurat. Touted as the most expensive Indian motion picture ever made, the magnum opus brings together a stellar ensemble cast led by Ranbir Kapoor, Sai Pallavi, and Yash. Powerful Visuals and Grand Character Introductions The trailer opens with a gripping sequence set against the opulent architecture of Lanka and Ayodhya. Rocking a commanding presence, Ranbir Kapoor makes a majestic entry as Lord Ram, displaying a flawless blend of calm nobility and fierce resolve. Opposite him, Sai Pallavi makes her debut as Sita, embodying serenity and grace. However, it is Yash who steals the limelight with his menacing screen presence. Portraying the formidable Asura king Ravana, Yash commands every frame with dark, terrifying authority, setting up an epic clash of divine forces. A High-Octane Sonic Experience: The background score is co-composed by Academy Award winners Hans Zimmer and A.R. Rahman, alongside sitar virtuoso Rishab Rikhiram Sharma. The score blends rich traditional Indian classical instrumentation with massive global orchestral themes. Key Cast & Project Overview Director: Nitesh Tiwari (Dangal, Chhichhore) Producer: Namit Malhotra (Prime Focus / DNEG) in association with Sony Pictures Entertainment Ranbir Kapoor as Lord Ram Sai Pallavi as Sita Yash as Ravana Sunny Deol as Lord Hanuman Ravie Dubey as Lakshman Rakul Preet Singh as Shurpanakha Box Office Expectations & Release Schedule With Prime Focus's Oscar-winning visual effects studio DNEG backing the CGI, Ramayana is engineered to set unprecedented records at the Indian and international box office. Film Title: Ramayana: Part 1 Genre: Epic Mythological / Action / Drama Theatrical Release: Diwali 2026 (Part 1) / Diwali 2027 (Part 2) Languages: Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam & International Dubs Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Q: When is Ramayana Part 1 releasing in theatres?A: Ramayana: Part 1 is scheduled for a grand worldwide theatrical release during Diwali 2026, followed by Part 2 on Diwali 2027. Q: Who plays Ravana in Nitesh Tiwari's Ramayana?A: Rocking Star Yash plays the role of Asura King Ravana in Nitesh Tiwari's two-part cinematic adaptation. Q: Who composed the music and background score for the Ramayana movie?A: The soundtrack and score are jointly composed by Oscar winners Hans Zimmer and A.R. Rahman, featuring sitar music by Rishab Rikhiram Sharma. Q: Which studio is handling the VFX for Ramayana?A: The visual effects and CGI are powered by the Oscar-winning studio DNEG in collaboration with Prime Focus Studios.

BY SACNILK

Mumbai, July 29 - The cast of director Nitesh Tiwari's Ramayana Part 1 is not only gearing up for one of the biggest Indian films ever made but is also preparing for an incredibly busy theatrical window. Several of the film's lead actors have two major releases within roughly three months, either before or after Ramayana Part 1, ensuring they remain in the spotlight throughout the festive season and into early 2027. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) Ranbir Kapoor, who plays Lord Rama, will first headline Ramayana Part 1, slated for a grand Diwali 2026 release, before reuniting with Sanjay Leela Bhansali for Love & War, which is scheduled to hit theatres on January 21, 2027. The gap between the two releases is less than three months, giving the actor back-to-back event films in completely different genres. Yash, who essays Ravana in Ramayana, will kick off his theatrical run with the action thriller Toxic on August 26, 2026, which will be his first release in 4 years since the mega blockbuster KGF: Chapter 2. He will then return to the big screen during the Diwali season with Ramayana Part 1, making it two of the year's biggest pan-Indian releases within a short span. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) Sunny Deol is also set for a packed release schedule. The actor will first arrive with the period drama Batwara 1947 on August 14, 2026, before portraying Hanuman in Ramayana Part 1 during Diwali. He also has the emotional drama, Gabru, ready for release. Similarly, Sai Pallavi will be seen in Dhanush-fronted OM Chapter 1 on October 16, 2026, followed shortly by her portrayal of Sita in Ramayana Part 1. With blockbuster titles such as Toxic, Batwara 1947, OM, Ramayana Part 1, and Love & War arriving within a compact three-month window, the ensemble cast of Ramayana is poised to dominate the box office conversation. It is rare for so many stars from a single film to have multiple high-profile theatrical releases clustered so closely together, making the final months of 2026 and the beginning of 2027 particularly significant for Indian cinema.

BY SACNILK

Mumbai, July 27 - The excitement surrounding director Nitesh Tiwari's Ramayana: Part 1 continues to grow as fresh details about the film's ending and its long-awaited trailer have surfaced. During the film's panel at San Diego Comic-Con, the filmmaker confirmed that the first instalment will conclude on a major cliffhanger, setting the stage for the second chapter. While it may not be a shocking part for Indian audiences, it may definitely lead to massive excitement among international audiences. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) Comparing the narrative structure to epic two-part sagas, Tiwari explained that the story naturally demanded a split, allowing the first film to build towards an emotionally charged ending rather than rushing through the entire epic. The update comes just days after the film's trailer was unexpectedly postponed from its originally planned global launch. Producer Namit Malhotra had announced that the trailer would be delayed, citing unforeseen circumstances, despite it being scheduled to debut at Comic-Con before releasing online worldwide. The makers have confirmed that the trailer will now be dropped online on Thursday, July 30, at 4:15 AM, and will be attached to Spider-Man: Brand New Day print in cinemas from July 30, giving audiences their first full look at the ambitious epic on the big screen. As already made official, Ramayana will be distributed by Sony Pictures, the studio behind Brand New Day, internationally, while Dharma Production will release it in India. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) The two-part format will allow the makers to explore the Ramayana with greater depth, while the cliffhanger ending is expected to leave audiences eagerly awaiting the conclusion. Ranbir Kapoor, who portrays Lord Ram, recently revealed that some of the film's biggest moments, including the face-off between Lord Ram and Yash's Ravana, have not yet been filmed, underscoring the massive scale and ongoing production of the duology. Yash, meanwhile, has described portraying Ravana as one of the most challenging roles of his career, promising a fresh interpretation of the iconic antagonist. Produced by Namit Malhotra and Yash, Ramayana stars Ranbir Kapoor, Sai Pallavi, Yash, Sunny Deol, and Ravi Dubey in key roles. The first film is slated for a Diwali 2026 release, with Part 2 scheduled to arrive during Diwali 2027, making it one of the most ambitious Indian film franchises ever mounted.

BY SACNILK

As the promotional cycle for Nitesh Tiwari's Ramayana Part 1 moves into high gear before its Diwali release, the industry is already turning its attention to Ranbir Kapoor's next massive theatrical outing. According to a report by Variety India, the production team behind Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Love & War is currently finalizing the first official look of the film, which is expected to be unveiled in the coming months. This early reveal is intended to begin the long-term marketing journey for the project, which remains one of the most talked-about ensemble pieces in modern Hindi cinema. The decision to release the first official asset before Diwali 2026 is a calculated move to build anticipation well ahead of the film's scheduled release on January 21, 2027. While the production house has yet to lock in a specific date for this unveiling, sources indicate that fans can expect the official character posters or a teaser image in the next few weeks. This strategy allows the film to establish its presence in the audience's mind even as Ranbir Kapoor dominates the narrative with his portrayal in the Ramayana epic. During his recent interaction at the San Diego Comic-Con, Ranbir himself confirmed the status of both projects, noting that he is actively working on both Love & War and Ramayana to ensure they meet their respective timelines. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) The casting of Love & War is a significant draw, bringing together the powerhouse trio of Ranbir Kapoor, Alia Bhatt, and Vicky Kaushal. However, the rest of the supporting cast has been kept strictly under wraps by Sanjay Leela Bhansali and his team. Despite several alleged first look photos and leaked images circulating on social media over the last few months, the makers have maintained a tight lid on the actual production designs. The official advice for audiences has been to disregard these unofficial leaks, as the upcoming character reveals are designed to offer the first authentic glimpse into the aesthetic and tone of the film. Billed as an intense romantic drama, Love & War is set against the sprawling backdrop of a military conflict. This combination of intimate emotional stakes and grand-scale military action is a hallmark of Bhansali's storytelling style. The project arrives at a time when all three lead actors are experiencing major career milestones. Alia Bhatt is coming off the release of her action-packed role in Alpha, which arrived in theaters earlier this July. Vicky Kaushal’s last major outing was the historical drama Chhaava, released in 2025, where he received critical acclaim for his portrayal of Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj. Meanwhile, Ranbir Kapoor is preparing to lead the Diwali box office with Ramayana, which also stars Yash and Sai Pallavi. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}) With Bhansali at the helm and a cast of this caliber, the expectations for Love & War are high. The film's January 2027 release window provides a clear path for it to dominate the first quarter of that year. As the production enters its next phase, the official first look will serve as the primary confirmation of the film's visual direction, effectively ending the months of speculation and leaked rumors that have followed the project since its announcement.